Information System (CS507)
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 3
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 20th May 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
Q. 1: How can you describe the factors which will ensure the successful implementation of SDLC? Explain at least three.
(Marks: 10)
Answer :( 3.33+3.33+3.33)
Management Support
Developers/system designers need to have the support of the management as much as possible since the management will dictate whether they need the product or not.
Technical and Business Expertise
There are regular programmers and there are really smart programmers who just know what to do even when the software’s objective is presented for the first time. These programmers know what SDLC model to use together with the languages or toolkits that need to be learn to ensure this program is a success. On the other hand, business expertise is also important in software development cycle since they will dictate the demand for particular software. Business expertise is also important in SDLC since they will determine whether the software will eventually be a factor in time and money saving.
Proper Documentation/ Deliverables for Maintenance
Granting the results of the software development is a success; it’s time to place them in all in papers. Success in building software will only be gauged once they are released to the pubic with ease. Although there will be problems, it’s up to the developers to maintain these programs until these are decommissioned. If worst comes to worst and it has to go back to the drawing board, documentation will tell the developers where they might have done it wrong.
Security
Security should be the number priority of any developers. The ability to handle information and protect them from attack will tell how professional the business is. It’s important to look for these defects before they are actually released to the public.
Q. 2: List down the pros and cons of Incremental Model? Also mention when to use the Incremental Model?
(Marks: 10)
Answer :( 3.33+3.33+3.33)
Incremental Model Pros
Working functionality is produced earlier – computation of value to cost ratio
Reduces risks of change in user requirements
Provides clients flexibility in decision making.
Risk management is incremental
Smaller scope for change in user requirements
Develop high-risk or major functions first
Each release delivers an operational product
Customer can respond to each build
Lowers initial delivery cost
Initial product delivery is faster
Customers get important functionality early
Risk of changing requirements is reduced
Incremental Model Cons
Larger picture cannot be seen until the entire system is built
Difficult to break down the total system at early stage of product development to determine reasonable increments
Requires good planning and design
Total cost of the complete system is not lower
When to use the Incremental Model
Need to reduces risks of change in user requirements and reduce program complexity.
Provides clients flexibility in decision making
A need to get basic functionality to the market early
On projects which have lengthy development schedules
Showing posts with label CS507. Show all posts
Showing posts with label CS507. Show all posts
Monday, September 13, 2010
Monday, August 23, 2010
CS507 Assignment # 3 Solution
Information System (CS507)
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 3
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 20th May 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
Q. 1: How can you describe the factors which will ensure the successful implementation of SDLC? Explain at least three.
(Marks: 10)
Answer :( 3.33+3.33+3.33)
Management Support
Developers/system designers need to have the support of the management as much as possible since the management will dictate whether they need the product or not.
Technical and Business Expertise
There are regular programmers and there are really smart programmers who just know what to do even when the software’s objective is presented for the first time. These programmers know what SDLC model to use together with the languages or toolkits that need to be learn to ensure this program is a success. On the other hand, business expertise is also important in software development cycle since they will dictate the demand for particular software. Business expertise is also important in SDLC since they will determine whether the software will eventually be a factor in time and money saving.
Proper Documentation/ Deliverables for Maintenance
Granting the results of the software development is a success; it’s time to place them in all in papers. Success in building software will only be gauged once they are released to the pubic with ease. Although there will be problems, it’s up to the developers to maintain these programs until these are decommissioned. If worst comes to worst and it has to go back to the drawing board, documentation will tell the developers where they might have done it wrong.
Security
Security should be the number priority of any developers. The ability to handle information and protect them from attack will tell how professional the business is. It’s important to look for these defects before they are actually released to the public.
Q. 2: List down the pros and cons of Incremental Model? Also mention when to use the Incremental Model?
(Marks: 10)
Answer :( 3.33+3.33+3.33)
Incremental Model Pros
Working functionality is produced earlier – computation of value to cost ratio
Reduces risks of change in user requirements
Provides clients flexibility in decision making.
Risk management is incremental
Smaller scope for change in user requirements
Develop high-risk or major functions first
Each release delivers an operational product
Customer can respond to each build
Lowers initial delivery cost
Initial product delivery is faster
Customers get important functionality early
Risk of changing requirements is reduced
Incremental Model Cons
Larger picture cannot be seen until the entire system is built
Difficult to break down the total system at early stage of product development to determine reasonable increments
Requires good planning and design
Total cost of the complete system is not lower
When to use the Incremental Model
Need to reduces risks of change in user requirements and reduce program complexity.
Provides clients flexibility in decision making
A need to get basic functionality to the market early
On projects which have lengthy development schedules
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 3
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 20th May 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
Q. 1: How can you describe the factors which will ensure the successful implementation of SDLC? Explain at least three.
(Marks: 10)
Answer :( 3.33+3.33+3.33)
Management Support
Developers/system designers need to have the support of the management as much as possible since the management will dictate whether they need the product or not.
Technical and Business Expertise
There are regular programmers and there are really smart programmers who just know what to do even when the software’s objective is presented for the first time. These programmers know what SDLC model to use together with the languages or toolkits that need to be learn to ensure this program is a success. On the other hand, business expertise is also important in software development cycle since they will dictate the demand for particular software. Business expertise is also important in SDLC since they will determine whether the software will eventually be a factor in time and money saving.
Proper Documentation/ Deliverables for Maintenance
Granting the results of the software development is a success; it’s time to place them in all in papers. Success in building software will only be gauged once they are released to the pubic with ease. Although there will be problems, it’s up to the developers to maintain these programs until these are decommissioned. If worst comes to worst and it has to go back to the drawing board, documentation will tell the developers where they might have done it wrong.
Security
Security should be the number priority of any developers. The ability to handle information and protect them from attack will tell how professional the business is. It’s important to look for these defects before they are actually released to the public.
Q. 2: List down the pros and cons of Incremental Model? Also mention when to use the Incremental Model?
(Marks: 10)
Answer :( 3.33+3.33+3.33)
Incremental Model Pros
Working functionality is produced earlier – computation of value to cost ratio
Reduces risks of change in user requirements
Provides clients flexibility in decision making.
Risk management is incremental
Smaller scope for change in user requirements
Develop high-risk or major functions first
Each release delivers an operational product
Customer can respond to each build
Lowers initial delivery cost
Initial product delivery is faster
Customers get important functionality early
Risk of changing requirements is reduced
Incremental Model Cons
Larger picture cannot be seen until the entire system is built
Difficult to break down the total system at early stage of product development to determine reasonable increments
Requires good planning and design
Total cost of the complete system is not lower
When to use the Incremental Model
Need to reduces risks of change in user requirements and reduce program complexity.
Provides clients flexibility in decision making
A need to get basic functionality to the market early
On projects which have lengthy development schedules
CS507 Assignment # 2 Solution
Information System (CS507)
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 2
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 08th May 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
No formatting or bullets are allowed to use.
Q. 1: What is the role of CRM in challenging economy?
(Marks: 10)
Answer:
CRM in challenging economy?
In today’s economy organizations can’t rely on brute strength t s and tools. CRM is a technology that allows organizations to track and leverage every customer o maximizes the value of their customer relationships; rather, they need enabling technology interaction to maximize revenue opportunities and improve customer loyalty.
But CRM does much more than just track customer interactions. It also helps organizations optimize their operations by automating routine tasks and standardizing best practices. Ultimately, CRM allows organizations to better acquire, manage, serve, and extract value from their customers while improving operational efficiency something that is critical in today’s economy.
While there are surely many approaches being espoused in the market today, we believe there are five main strategies that companies can employ to survive and thrive during uncertain economic conditions:
1. Focus on existing customers
2. Maximize revenue opportunities
3. Do more with less
4. Reduce operational costs
5. Optimize existing IT assets
Q. 2 Why Many CRM initiatives, however, fail to deliver the expected benefits?
Marks (10)
Answer:
Many CRM initiatives, however, fail to deliver the expected benefits. This is largely due to the same set of issues:
Customer privacy is an important issue in CRM. CRM deals with large amounts of customer data through various touch points and communication channels. The individual firm is thus caught in an ethical dilemma – collecting as much information as possible but still respecting limits for personal privacy. . Poor quality customer data and information. CRM being primarily about information it is vital that this aspect is considered before the initiative commences.
Software issues: There are little standardized technologies and protocols for CRM implementation in the market. Vendors publish new versions of CRM software as frequently as they can thus adding to client’s expenses. CRM software requires highly integrated environment for high productivity, which is rarely available.
Business support was lacking - poor buy-in from the business was obtained or no buy-in from the business was sought. This resulted in little ownership within the business and therefore failed implementation or poor usage.
The planning had insufficient detail or depth - introducing CRM into an organization is a major initiative and if it is not planned adequately then it will fail. Usually the scale and nature of the operational change (as opposed to the systems change) was underestimated. It is easy to install a system. It is much harder to change people's work practices.
It was poorly implemented - which usually means that staff were not trained adequately and neither were the right changes put in place to introduce a new culture
The Executive had little customer/CRM understanding or involvement. Too often it was seen as a tactical issue and therefore insufficiently senior sponsorship is sought
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 2
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 08th May 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
No formatting or bullets are allowed to use.
Q. 1: What is the role of CRM in challenging economy?
(Marks: 10)
Answer:
CRM in challenging economy?
In today’s economy organizations can’t rely on brute strength t s and tools. CRM is a technology that allows organizations to track and leverage every customer o maximizes the value of their customer relationships; rather, they need enabling technology interaction to maximize revenue opportunities and improve customer loyalty.
But CRM does much more than just track customer interactions. It also helps organizations optimize their operations by automating routine tasks and standardizing best practices. Ultimately, CRM allows organizations to better acquire, manage, serve, and extract value from their customers while improving operational efficiency something that is critical in today’s economy.
While there are surely many approaches being espoused in the market today, we believe there are five main strategies that companies can employ to survive and thrive during uncertain economic conditions:
1. Focus on existing customers
2. Maximize revenue opportunities
3. Do more with less
4. Reduce operational costs
5. Optimize existing IT assets
Q. 2 Why Many CRM initiatives, however, fail to deliver the expected benefits?
Marks (10)
Answer:
Many CRM initiatives, however, fail to deliver the expected benefits. This is largely due to the same set of issues:
Customer privacy is an important issue in CRM. CRM deals with large amounts of customer data through various touch points and communication channels. The individual firm is thus caught in an ethical dilemma – collecting as much information as possible but still respecting limits for personal privacy. . Poor quality customer data and information. CRM being primarily about information it is vital that this aspect is considered before the initiative commences.
Software issues: There are little standardized technologies and protocols for CRM implementation in the market. Vendors publish new versions of CRM software as frequently as they can thus adding to client’s expenses. CRM software requires highly integrated environment for high productivity, which is rarely available.
Business support was lacking - poor buy-in from the business was obtained or no buy-in from the business was sought. This resulted in little ownership within the business and therefore failed implementation or poor usage.
The planning had insufficient detail or depth - introducing CRM into an organization is a major initiative and if it is not planned adequately then it will fail. Usually the scale and nature of the operational change (as opposed to the systems change) was underestimated. It is easy to install a system. It is much harder to change people's work practices.
It was poorly implemented - which usually means that staff were not trained adequately and neither were the right changes put in place to introduce a new culture
The Executive had little customer/CRM understanding or involvement. Too often it was seen as a tactical issue and therefore insufficiently senior sponsorship is sought
CS507 Assignment # 1 Solution
Information System (CS507)
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 1
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 27th April 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
Q. 1: How can you describe information in its ideal form? Moreover how ideal information would help us regarding decision making in our routine activities?
(Marks: 10) Answer:
Ideal Information:
Information is said to be in its ideal form if it is:
1- Periodically/ continuously updated:
The information should be updated from time to time so that whenever accessed, the user should get the most recent information and be fully informed.
2- Efficient Processing:
Data should not be kept unprocessed for a long period of time; rather it should be processed at regular intervals which help in effective decision making.
3- Value driven:
The information gathered from a certain environment in our computerized systems should add value to the user’s knowledge.
4- Audience Centered:
The information to be in its ideal form should exhibit the characteristic of being audience centered, so that everyone receives his relevant part of information out of the aggregate.
Ideal information and decision making:
In the absence of an accurate, reliable and well-timed information people and organizations will be unable to make decisions effectively; they will be unable to help or persuade others to make better decisions and no one will be able to ascertain whether the decisions made by particular individuals or organizations were the best ones that could have been made at that time.
Therefore information in its ideal form (being accurate and reliable) is vital for the effective decision making in almost every aspect of business whether it is undertaken by individuals, community organizations or governments. It is an essential component of any effort to persuade businesses to make better and optimal decisions from the ones which they might have made in the absence of such information.
Q. 2: Identify and explain different decision making approaches.
(Marks: 10)
Answer:
Following are the different decision making approaches:
a. Structured
b. Unstructured and
c. Semi structured
Structured decision making approach:
Structured decision making is a general term for carefully organized analysis of problems in order to reach decisions which are focused clearly on achieving fundamental objectives.
In structured decision making, procedures are predefined for solving routine repetitive problems. These decisions are made under the established situations and are preplanned which is possible only when we have fully understood the situation.
Unstructured decision making approach:
We use to make unstructured decisions when the situation is complex and no standard solutions exist for resolving the situation; when some or all of the structural elements of the decision situation are undefined, ill-defined or unknown. For example:
Goals may be poorly defined, alternatives may be incomplete or non-comparable, choice criteria may be hard to measure or difficult to link to goals.
The unstructured decisions are basically the non-programmed decisions which are happening for the first time and therefore require individual judgment, evaluation and insight varying on case-to-case basis. That’s why such types of decisions are creative and are not preplanned.
Semi-structured decision making approach:
We follow semi-structured decision making approach where some aspects of the problem are structured and others are unstructured.
Such decisions lie in the middle of structured and unstructured approaches and this is where most of our true decision support systems are focused on. Decisions of this type are characterized of having some agreement on the data, process, and evaluation to be used but are also typified by efforts to retain some level of human judgment in the decision making process.
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 1
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 27th April 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
Q. 1: How can you describe information in its ideal form? Moreover how ideal information would help us regarding decision making in our routine activities?
(Marks: 10) Answer:
Ideal Information:
Information is said to be in its ideal form if it is:
1- Periodically/ continuously updated:
The information should be updated from time to time so that whenever accessed, the user should get the most recent information and be fully informed.
2- Efficient Processing:
Data should not be kept unprocessed for a long period of time; rather it should be processed at regular intervals which help in effective decision making.
3- Value driven:
The information gathered from a certain environment in our computerized systems should add value to the user’s knowledge.
4- Audience Centered:
The information to be in its ideal form should exhibit the characteristic of being audience centered, so that everyone receives his relevant part of information out of the aggregate.
Ideal information and decision making:
In the absence of an accurate, reliable and well-timed information people and organizations will be unable to make decisions effectively; they will be unable to help or persuade others to make better decisions and no one will be able to ascertain whether the decisions made by particular individuals or organizations were the best ones that could have been made at that time.
Therefore information in its ideal form (being accurate and reliable) is vital for the effective decision making in almost every aspect of business whether it is undertaken by individuals, community organizations or governments. It is an essential component of any effort to persuade businesses to make better and optimal decisions from the ones which they might have made in the absence of such information.
Q. 2: Identify and explain different decision making approaches.
(Marks: 10)
Answer:
Following are the different decision making approaches:
a. Structured
b. Unstructured and
c. Semi structured
Structured decision making approach:
Structured decision making is a general term for carefully organized analysis of problems in order to reach decisions which are focused clearly on achieving fundamental objectives.
In structured decision making, procedures are predefined for solving routine repetitive problems. These decisions are made under the established situations and are preplanned which is possible only when we have fully understood the situation.
Unstructured decision making approach:
We use to make unstructured decisions when the situation is complex and no standard solutions exist for resolving the situation; when some or all of the structural elements of the decision situation are undefined, ill-defined or unknown. For example:
Goals may be poorly defined, alternatives may be incomplete or non-comparable, choice criteria may be hard to measure or difficult to link to goals.
The unstructured decisions are basically the non-programmed decisions which are happening for the first time and therefore require individual judgment, evaluation and insight varying on case-to-case basis. That’s why such types of decisions are creative and are not preplanned.
Semi-structured decision making approach:
We follow semi-structured decision making approach where some aspects of the problem are structured and others are unstructured.
Such decisions lie in the middle of structured and unstructured approaches and this is where most of our true decision support systems are focused on. Decisions of this type are characterized of having some agreement on the data, process, and evaluation to be used but are also typified by efforts to retain some level of human judgment in the decision making process.
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
CS507 Contents
Introduction, Information In Organizations, Organization and Information Requirement, Organizational structure, Business Environment, Information System, Component of System, Types of System Infrastructure, Online Analytical Processing, CBIS from Functional View Point, Financial Sector Application Accounting & Financial Information Systems, Critical Decisions Making, Phases of decision-making process, Planning for System Development, Systems Development Life Cycle, System Design, Incremental Model, Spiral Model, System Analysis, Analysis & Design Methods, Symbols, DFD’s, Entity Relationship Diagram, Object Oriented Analysis and Design, Critical Success Factor, Security of Information System, Threat Identification, Control Adjustment, Viruses, Antivirus software Types of Controls, Audit trails and logs, Risk Management, Control Analysis, Business Continuity Planning, Web Security, Factors Encouraging Internet Attacks, E-Commerce, Supply Chain Management, Enterprise Resource Planning, Change Management, Importance of ethics in IS.
CS507 Assignment # 1
Information System (CS507)
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 1
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 27th April 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
Q. 1: How can you describe information in its ideal form? Moreover how ideal information would help us regarding decision making in our routine activities?
(Marks: 10) Answer:
Ideal Information:
Information is said to be in its ideal form if it is:
1- Periodically/ continuously updated:
The information should be updated from time to time so that whenever accessed, the user should get the most recent information and be fully informed.
2- Efficient Processing:
Data should not be kept unprocessed for a long period of time; rather it should be processed at regular intervals which help in effective decision making.
3- Value driven:
The information gathered from a certain environment in our computerized systems should add value to the user’s knowledge.
4- Audience Centered:
The information to be in its ideal form should exhibit the characteristic of being audience centered, so that everyone receives his relevant part of information out of the aggregate.
Ideal information and decision making:
In the absence of an accurate, reliable and well-timed information people and organizations will be unable to make decisions effectively; they will be unable to help or persuade others to make better decisions and no one will be able to ascertain whether the decisions made by particular individuals or organizations were the best ones that could have been made at that time.
Therefore information in its ideal form (being accurate and reliable) is vital for the effective decision making in almost every aspect of business whether it is undertaken by individuals, community organizations or governments. It is an essential component of any effort to persuade businesses to make better and optimal decisions from the ones which they might have made in the absence of such information.
Q. 2: Identify and explain different decision making approaches.
(Marks: 10)
Answer:
Following are the different decision making approaches:
a. Structured
b. Unstructured and
c. Semi structured
Structured decision making approach:
Structured decision making is a general term for carefully organized analysis of problems in order to reach decisions which are focused clearly on achieving fundamental objectives.
In structured decision making, procedures are predefined for solving routine repetitive problems. These decisions are made under the established situations and are preplanned which is possible only when we have fully understood the situation.
Unstructured decision making approach:
We use to make unstructured decisions when the situation is complex and no standard solutions exist for resolving the situation; when some or all of the structural elements of the decision situation are undefined, ill-defined or unknown. For example:
Goals may be poorly defined, alternatives may be incomplete or non-comparable, choice criteria may be hard to measure or difficult to link to goals.
The unstructured decisions are basically the non-programmed decisions which are happening for the first time and therefore require individual judgment, evaluation and insight varying on case-to-case basis. That’s why such types of decisions are creative and are not preplanned.
Semi-structured decision making approach:
We follow semi-structured decision making approach where some aspects of the problem are structured and others are unstructured.
Such decisions lie in the middle of structured and unstructured approaches and this is where most of our true decision support systems are focused on. Decisions of this type are characterized of having some agreement on the data, process, and evaluation to be used but are also typified by efforts to retain some level of human judgment in the decision making process.
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 1
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 27th April 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
Q. 1: How can you describe information in its ideal form? Moreover how ideal information would help us regarding decision making in our routine activities?
(Marks: 10) Answer:
Ideal Information:
Information is said to be in its ideal form if it is:
1- Periodically/ continuously updated:
The information should be updated from time to time so that whenever accessed, the user should get the most recent information and be fully informed.
2- Efficient Processing:
Data should not be kept unprocessed for a long period of time; rather it should be processed at regular intervals which help in effective decision making.
3- Value driven:
The information gathered from a certain environment in our computerized systems should add value to the user’s knowledge.
4- Audience Centered:
The information to be in its ideal form should exhibit the characteristic of being audience centered, so that everyone receives his relevant part of information out of the aggregate.
Ideal information and decision making:
In the absence of an accurate, reliable and well-timed information people and organizations will be unable to make decisions effectively; they will be unable to help or persuade others to make better decisions and no one will be able to ascertain whether the decisions made by particular individuals or organizations were the best ones that could have been made at that time.
Therefore information in its ideal form (being accurate and reliable) is vital for the effective decision making in almost every aspect of business whether it is undertaken by individuals, community organizations or governments. It is an essential component of any effort to persuade businesses to make better and optimal decisions from the ones which they might have made in the absence of such information.
Q. 2: Identify and explain different decision making approaches.
(Marks: 10)
Answer:
Following are the different decision making approaches:
a. Structured
b. Unstructured and
c. Semi structured
Structured decision making approach:
Structured decision making is a general term for carefully organized analysis of problems in order to reach decisions which are focused clearly on achieving fundamental objectives.
In structured decision making, procedures are predefined for solving routine repetitive problems. These decisions are made under the established situations and are preplanned which is possible only when we have fully understood the situation.
Unstructured decision making approach:
We use to make unstructured decisions when the situation is complex and no standard solutions exist for resolving the situation; when some or all of the structural elements of the decision situation are undefined, ill-defined or unknown. For example:
Goals may be poorly defined, alternatives may be incomplete or non-comparable, choice criteria may be hard to measure or difficult to link to goals.
The unstructured decisions are basically the non-programmed decisions which are happening for the first time and therefore require individual judgment, evaluation and insight varying on case-to-case basis. That’s why such types of decisions are creative and are not preplanned.
Semi-structured decision making approach:
We follow semi-structured decision making approach where some aspects of the problem are structured and others are unstructured.
Such decisions lie in the middle of structured and unstructured approaches and this is where most of our true decision support systems are focused on. Decisions of this type are characterized of having some agreement on the data, process, and evaluation to be used but are also typified by efforts to retain some level of human judgment in the decision making process.
CS507 Assignment # 2
Information System (CS507)
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 2
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 08th May 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
No formatting or bullets are allowed to use.
Q. 1: What is the role of CRM in challenging economy?
(Marks: 10)
Answer:
CRM in challenging economy?
In today’s economy organizations can’t rely on brute strength t s and tools. CRM is a technology that allows organizations to track and leverage every customer o maximizes the value of their customer relationships; rather, they need enabling technology interaction to maximize revenue opportunities and improve customer loyalty.
But CRM does much more than just track customer interactions. It also helps organizations optimize their operations by automating routine tasks and standardizing best practices. Ultimately, CRM allows organizations to better acquire, manage, serve, and extract value from their customers while improving operational efficiency something that is critical in today’s economy.
While there are surely many approaches being espoused in the market today, we believe there are five main strategies that companies can employ to survive and thrive during uncertain economic conditions:
1. Focus on existing customers
2. Maximize revenue opportunities
3. Do more with less
4. Reduce operational costs
5. Optimize existing IT assets
Q. 2 Why Many CRM initiatives, however, fail to deliver the expected benefits?
Marks (10)
Answer:
Many CRM initiatives, however, fail to deliver the expected benefits. This is largely due to the same set of issues:
Customer privacy is an important issue in CRM. CRM deals with large amounts of customer data through various touch points and communication channels. The individual firm is thus caught in an ethical dilemma – collecting as much information as possible but still respecting limits for personal privacy. . Poor quality customer data and information. CRM being primarily about information it is vital that this aspect is considered before the initiative commences.
Software issues: There are little standardized technologies and protocols for CRM implementation in the market. Vendors publish new versions of CRM software as frequently as they can thus adding to client’s expenses. CRM software requires highly integrated environment for high productivity, which is rarely available.
Business support was lacking - poor buy-in from the business was obtained or no buy-in from the business was sought. This resulted in little ownership within the business and therefore failed implementation or poor usage.
The planning had insufficient detail or depth - introducing CRM into an organization is a major initiative and if it is not planned adequately then it will fail. Usually the scale and nature of the operational change (as opposed to the systems change) was underestimated. It is easy to install a system. It is much harder to change people's work practices.
It was poorly implemented - which usually means that staff were not trained adequately and neither were the right changes put in place to introduce a new culture
The Executive had little customer/CRM understanding or involvement. Too often it was seen as a tactical issue and therefore insufficiently senior sponsorship is sought
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 2
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 08th May 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: "Times New Roman"
Font color: "Black"
Font size: "12"
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
No formatting or bullets are allowed to use.
Q. 1: What is the role of CRM in challenging economy?
(Marks: 10)
Answer:
CRM in challenging economy?
In today’s economy organizations can’t rely on brute strength t s and tools. CRM is a technology that allows organizations to track and leverage every customer o maximizes the value of their customer relationships; rather, they need enabling technology interaction to maximize revenue opportunities and improve customer loyalty.
But CRM does much more than just track customer interactions. It also helps organizations optimize their operations by automating routine tasks and standardizing best practices. Ultimately, CRM allows organizations to better acquire, manage, serve, and extract value from their customers while improving operational efficiency something that is critical in today’s economy.
While there are surely many approaches being espoused in the market today, we believe there are five main strategies that companies can employ to survive and thrive during uncertain economic conditions:
1. Focus on existing customers
2. Maximize revenue opportunities
3. Do more with less
4. Reduce operational costs
5. Optimize existing IT assets
Q. 2 Why Many CRM initiatives, however, fail to deliver the expected benefits?
Marks (10)
Answer:
Many CRM initiatives, however, fail to deliver the expected benefits. This is largely due to the same set of issues:
Customer privacy is an important issue in CRM. CRM deals with large amounts of customer data through various touch points and communication channels. The individual firm is thus caught in an ethical dilemma – collecting as much information as possible but still respecting limits for personal privacy. . Poor quality customer data and information. CRM being primarily about information it is vital that this aspect is considered before the initiative commences.
Software issues: There are little standardized technologies and protocols for CRM implementation in the market. Vendors publish new versions of CRM software as frequently as they can thus adding to client’s expenses. CRM software requires highly integrated environment for high productivity, which is rarely available.
Business support was lacking - poor buy-in from the business was obtained or no buy-in from the business was sought. This resulted in little ownership within the business and therefore failed implementation or poor usage.
The planning had insufficient detail or depth - introducing CRM into an organization is a major initiative and if it is not planned adequately then it will fail. Usually the scale and nature of the operational change (as opposed to the systems change) was underestimated. It is easy to install a system. It is much harder to change people's work practices.
It was poorly implemented - which usually means that staff were not trained adequately and neither were the right changes put in place to introduce a new culture
The Executive had little customer/CRM understanding or involvement. Too often it was seen as a tactical issue and therefore insufficiently senior sponsorship is sought
CS507 Assignment # 3
Information System (CS507)
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 3
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 20th May 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: “Times New Roman”
Font color: “Black”
Font size: “12”
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
Q. 1: How can you describe the factors which will ensure the successful implementation of SDLC? Explain at least three.
(Marks: 10)
Answer :( 3.33+3.33+3.33)
Management Support
Developers/system designers need to have the support of the management as much as possible since the management will dictate whether they need the product or not.
Technical and Business Expertise
There are regular programmers and there are really smart programmers who just know what to do even when the software’s objective is presented for the first time. These programmers know what SDLC model to use together with the languages or toolkits that need to be learn to ensure this program is a success. On the other hand, business expertise is also important in software development cycle since they will dictate the demand for particular software. Business expertise is also important in SDLC since they will determine whether the software will eventually be a factor in time and money saving.
Proper Documentation/ Deliverables for Maintenance
Granting the results of the software development is a success; it’s time to place them in all in papers. Success in building software will only be gauged once they are released to the pubic with ease. Although there will be problems, it’s up to the developers to maintain these programs until these are decommissioned. If worst comes to worst and it has to go back to the drawing board, documentation will tell the developers where they might have done it wrong.
Security
Security should be the number priority of any developers. The ability to handle information and protect them from attack will tell how professional the business is. It’s important to look for these defects before they are actually released to the public.
Q. 2: List down the pros and cons of Incremental Model? Also mention when to use the Incremental Model?
(Marks: 10)
Answer :( 3.33+3.33+3.33)
Incremental Model Pros
Working functionality is produced earlier – computation of value to cost ratio
Reduces risks of change in user requirements
Provides clients flexibility in decision making.
Risk management is incremental
Smaller scope for change in user requirements
Develop high-risk or major functions first
Each release delivers an operational product
Customer can respond to each build
Lowers initial delivery cost
Initial product delivery is faster
Customers get important functionality early
Risk of changing requirements is reduced
Incremental Model Cons
Larger picture cannot be seen until the entire system is built
Difficult to break down the total system at early stage of product development to determine reasonable increments
Requires good planning and design
Total cost of the complete system is not lower
When to use the Incremental Model
Need to reduces risks of change in user requirements and reduce program complexity.
Provides clients flexibility in decision making
A need to get basic functionality to the market early
On projects which have lengthy development schedules
Spring 2010
Assignment No. 3
Due Date:
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 20th May 2010.
Max Marks: 20
Uploading instructions:
Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.
The assignment should be in .doc format.
Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).
The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.
Rules for Marking:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment file is corrupted.
The assignment is copied.
The assignment material is directly copied from internet.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.
Font style: “Times New Roman”
Font color: “Black”
Font size: “12”
Bold for heading only.
Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
Q. 1: How can you describe the factors which will ensure the successful implementation of SDLC? Explain at least three.
(Marks: 10)
Answer :( 3.33+3.33+3.33)
Management Support
Developers/system designers need to have the support of the management as much as possible since the management will dictate whether they need the product or not.
Technical and Business Expertise
There are regular programmers and there are really smart programmers who just know what to do even when the software’s objective is presented for the first time. These programmers know what SDLC model to use together with the languages or toolkits that need to be learn to ensure this program is a success. On the other hand, business expertise is also important in software development cycle since they will dictate the demand for particular software. Business expertise is also important in SDLC since they will determine whether the software will eventually be a factor in time and money saving.
Proper Documentation/ Deliverables for Maintenance
Granting the results of the software development is a success; it’s time to place them in all in papers. Success in building software will only be gauged once they are released to the pubic with ease. Although there will be problems, it’s up to the developers to maintain these programs until these are decommissioned. If worst comes to worst and it has to go back to the drawing board, documentation will tell the developers where they might have done it wrong.
Security
Security should be the number priority of any developers. The ability to handle information and protect them from attack will tell how professional the business is. It’s important to look for these defects before they are actually released to the public.
Q. 2: List down the pros and cons of Incremental Model? Also mention when to use the Incremental Model?
(Marks: 10)
Answer :( 3.33+3.33+3.33)
Incremental Model Pros
Working functionality is produced earlier – computation of value to cost ratio
Reduces risks of change in user requirements
Provides clients flexibility in decision making.
Risk management is incremental
Smaller scope for change in user requirements
Develop high-risk or major functions first
Each release delivers an operational product
Customer can respond to each build
Lowers initial delivery cost
Initial product delivery is faster
Customers get important functionality early
Risk of changing requirements is reduced
Incremental Model Cons
Larger picture cannot be seen until the entire system is built
Difficult to break down the total system at early stage of product development to determine reasonable increments
Requires good planning and design
Total cost of the complete system is not lower
When to use the Incremental Model
Need to reduces risks of change in user requirements and reduce program complexity.
Provides clients flexibility in decision making
A need to get basic functionality to the market early
On projects which have lengthy development schedules
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